---
title: "Using USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain with USD1bnb.com"
description: "Guide to using USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain for payments, savings, and DeFi in markets around the world."
author: "USD1 Education"
date: "2025-11-30"
tags: ["USD1 stablecoins","BNB Chain","stablecoin guide","crypto education","DeFi"]
---
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<ul>
<li><a href="#about-usd1-bnb">USD1 stablecoins and BNB Chain in simple terms</a></li>
<li><a href="#what-are-usd1-stablecoins">What USD1 stablecoins are</a></li>
<li><a href="#why-bnb-chain-for-usd1">Why people choose BNB Chain for USD1 stablecoins</a></li>
<li><a href="#getting-usd1-on-bnb-chain">How people get USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain</a></li>
<li><a href="#payments-and-remittances">Payments and remittances with USD1 stablecoins</a></li>
<li><a href="#defi-on-bnb">Decentralized finance with USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain</a></li>
<li><a href="#risk-management">Risks and how to think about them</a></li>
<li><a href="#geo-and-tax">Geography, regulation, and taxes</a></li>
<li><a href="#future-of-usd1-bnb">The future of USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain</a></li>
<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main id="main-content">
<h1>Welcome to USD1bnb.com</h1>
<p>
USD1 stablecoins are a descriptive way to talk about any digital tokens that are designed to stay worth one
United States dollar each and can be redeemed for U.S. dollars at a one to one rate. In other words, when
this page talks about USD1 stablecoins, it means dollar based stablecoins (digital assets whose value tracks
the U.S. dollar) that aim to be fully backed and redeemable through their issuers, not a single brand or
ticker. USD1bnb.com focuses on how these USD1 stablecoins work in the BNB Chain ecosystem, how people around
the world may use them, and which risks and responsibilities come with them.
</p>
<p>
The BNB Chain is a public blockchain network originally launched in connection with the Binance ecosystem,
designed for smart contracts (self executing code that runs on a blockchain when preset conditions are met),
decentralized applications (software that runs on a blockchain rather than a single server), and high volume
transactions. Documentation and community statistics highlight that BNB Chain can handle thousands of
transactions per second while keeping transaction fees low compared with many other networks.<sup>[1]</sup>
This combination has made BNB Chain a popular place to move and use USD1 stablecoins in trading, payments,
and decentralized finance.
</p>
<section id="about-usd1-bnb">
<h2>USD1 stablecoins and BNB Chain in simple terms</h2>
<p>
To understand what USD1bnb.com is about, it helps to break the topic into two pieces. First, USD1
stablecoins are a category of dollar linked tokens. A stablecoin is a type of crypto asset that tries to
hold a steady value relative to something familiar such as the U.S. dollar or a basket of assets. A
blockchain is a shared database maintained by many independent computers that agree on the same transaction
history. When USD1 stablecoins are issued on a blockchain, they move like other crypto tokens but are meant
to behave more like digital cash or a digital bank balance that keeps a constant dollar value.
</p>
<p>
Second, BNB Chain is the network where many of these tokens live. It uses a proof of staked authority model
(a method for selecting validators who confirm transactions) and is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual
Machine, so many tools created for Ethereum can also work on BNB Chain. Official materials describe BNB
Chain as having fast finality and low transaction fees while hosting a wide range of decentralized
applications, including trading platforms, lending markets, and gaming projects.<sup>[1]</sup> For users
or businesses who care about low costs, these characteristics make BNB Chain an appealing home for USD1
stablecoins.
</p>
<p>
When you put the two pieces together, USD1bnb.com can be understood as an educational space that explains
how USD1 stablecoins move on BNB Chain, how people might safely hold or spend them, and how regulators and
policymakers view this activity. The goal is not to push a specific token but to help readers see both
benefits and limits of using dollar linked stable value on this particular network.
</p>
</section>
<section id="what-are-usd1-stablecoins">
<h2>What USD1 stablecoins are</h2>
<p>
USD1 stablecoins represent a broad class of tokens that claim full backing in cash and high quality liquid
assets so that each token can be redeemed for one U.S. dollar. Leading issuers explain that reserves are
held in short term government obligations and cash like instruments, and that attestation reports are
published on a regular schedule so that users and regulators can see how reserves are structured.<sup>[2]</sup>
This reserve based design is what supports the one to one redemption promise. When it works as intended,
holding USD1 stablecoins should be similar in economic terms to holding a short term dollar claim on a
regulated financial institution.
</p>
<p>
From a practical point of view, USD1 stablecoins give users three main properties at the same time. First,
they offer price stability relative to the dollar, which makes it easier to think in local currency terms
when moving value. Second, they offer digital portability, because tokens can be sent on a blockchain at
any time of day, often settling in seconds or minutes instead of days. Third, they support programmable
money use cases, because smart contracts can hold and move these tokens according to automated rules
written into code.
</p>
<p>
The design of USD1 stablecoins sits in between traditional finance and more experimental crypto assets.
Research from global bodies such as the Bank for International Settlements notes that stablecoins were
originally promoted as a gateway into the wider crypto ecosystem, since traders could use them as a stable
unit of account when moving in and out of more volatile tokens.<sup>[3]</sup> At the same time, authorities
emphasize that the economic promises of stability and redeemability only hold when issuers manage reserves
prudently and operate under clear regulation.
</p>
<p>
There are several common models for USD1 stablecoins:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Fully reserved centralized models, where a company issues tokens and holds dollar denominated assets in
regulated banks or custodians, subject to audits and disclosure requirements.
</li>
<li>
Overcollateralized crypto backed models, where USD1 stablecoins are backed by other crypto assets with
conservative collateral ratios, and where issuance and redemption are controlled by smart contracts
rather than a single company.
</li>
<li>
Hybrid arrangements that combine elements of both, sometimes with additional safety features such as
redemption gates designed to handle stress scenarios.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Regulatory and policy discussions increasingly separate these designs into categories. For example,
European rules under the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation describe asset referenced tokens and
electronic money tokens and assign detailed requirements around authorization, disclosures, and reserve
management.<sup>[4]</sup> Even where terms differ across jurisdictions, the core theme is consistent:
issuers that want the public and the financial system to rely on USD1 stablecoins need to provide strong
transparency and meet standards similar to those that apply to other forms of digitized money.
</p>
</section>
<section id="why-bnb-chain-for-usd1">
<h2>Why people choose BNB Chain for USD1 stablecoins</h2>
<p>
Many blockchain networks can host USD1 stablecoins, but BNB Chain has carved out a visible position as a
high throughput, low fee environment. Public information about BNB Smart Chain, the execution layer of BNB
Chain, reports the ability to process up to several thousand transactions per second with average fees of a
few cents per transaction.<sup>[1]</sup> For users sending small dollar amounts or interacting frequently
with decentralized applications, the difference between a few cents and a few dollars in network fees can
be material.
</p>
<p>
In addition to low costs, BNB Chain has a large and active user base. Industry reports point to millions of
monthly active addresses and a broad spread of applications, including swapping platforms, derivatives
protocols, non fungible token markets, gaming projects, and social applications.<sup>[1]</sup> USD1
stablecoins sit at the center of many of these activities, often serving as the quote asset in trading
pairs, the collateral in lending and borrowing, and the medium in which yields are paid out.
</p>
<p>
Another important factor is compatibility with tools that many users already know. Because BNB Chain uses
an Ethereum compatible environment, common wallets that support custom networks can usually be configured
to connect to BNB Chain. This means a user who already runs a browser wallet for another network can
typically add BNB Chain with only a few configuration changes and then hold USD1 stablecoins on multiple
networks in a single interface.
</p>
<p>
For builders and businesses, BNB Chain offers an established infrastructure of oracles (services that feed
real world data into smart contracts), analytics dashboards, and developer tooling. This helps when
creating applications that rely on USD1 stablecoins for settlement, because teams can plug into existing
services rather than building everything themselves. As long as they understand the underlying risks, this
can shorten the time it takes to launch new payment, savings, or credit products that use dollar linked
tokens.
</p>
</section>
<section id="getting-usd1-on-bnb-chain">
<h2>How people get USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain</h2>
<p>
A typical journey into USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain follows one of three paths. The first is to obtain
USD1 stablecoins on a centralized platform and then withdraw them to a personal wallet on BNB Chain. The
second is to bring in dollars or local currency through a fiat on ramp (a service that converts regular
money from bank accounts or cards into crypto assets) and use that service or a trading platform to
acquire USD1 stablecoins directly on BNB Chain. The third is to receive USD1 stablecoins from another
person or business that already holds them on BNB Chain.
</p>
<h3>Using centralized platforms</h3>
<p>
Many large exchanges and fintech applications now support both USD1 stablecoins and BNB Chain. In a typical
flow, a user deposits funds in their local currency, converts that balance into USD1 stablecoins, and then
selects a withdrawal option that specifies BNB Chain as the destination network. The platform then sends
the dollar linked tokens to the user’s self custody wallet on BNB Chain. In this setup the platform handles
most of the technical details related to the token contract, required gas fee in the BNB asset, and network
selection.
</p>
<p>
Users who prefer this route usually do so because it feels similar to other online financial services. They
log in with a password, pass know your customer checks (identity verification requirements that financial
firms must meet), and operate with an interface that clearly shows fiat and USD1 stablecoins balances. The
trade off is that they rely on the platform’s stability and compliance and may face withdrawal limits or
delays, especially during periods of heavy activity.
</p>
<h3>Using onchain swaps and bridges</h3>
<p>
A second route is fully onchain. Here, a user might already hold crypto assets such as the BNB token or
other stablecoins on BNB Chain or another network. They then use a swapping service or a cross chain bridge
(a protocol that moves tokens between different blockchains) to convert those assets into USD1 stablecoins
on BNB Chain. Many decentralized exchanges on BNB Chain quote trading pairs where a volatile asset is
exchanged for USD1 stablecoins, and cross chain systems offer wrapped or bridged versions of major
stablecoins.
</p>
<p>
This approach reduces reliance on centralized intermediaries but adds other technical risks. Bridge related
hacks and bugs have been a major source of losses in recent years, and smart contracts that manage liquidity
pools (shared pools of tokens that users contribute so that others can trade against them) can have flaws.
Industry reports and academic research stress that users should understand the security track record,
audits, and governance of any protocol they trust with their funds.<sup>[3]</sup>
</p>
<h3>Receiving USD1 stablecoins directly</h3>
<p>
A third route is purely peer to peer. A freelancer might perform work for an overseas client and agree to
be paid in USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain. A small business might sell goods or services and accept USD1
stablecoins as payment. A family might use USD1 stablecoins for remittances, where a relative working
abroad sends value home through a blockchain instead of a money transfer operator. Global organizations
such as the International Monetary Fund note that, in principle, dollar based stablecoins can support faster
and cheaper cross border payments, but also raise concerns around currency substitution, financial
stability, and capital flow volatility.<sup>[5]</sup> USD1bnb.com encourages readers to weigh these trade
offs carefully.
</p>
</section>
<section id="payments-and-remittances">
<h2>Payments and remittances with USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain</h2>
<p>
One of the clearest use cases for USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain is person to person payments. Because the
network can finalize transactions quickly and cheaply, it is possible to send small dollar equivalent
amounts much more frequently than would be practical with traditional cross border bank transfers.<sup>[6]</sup>
A remote worker in one country can receive payment from a client in another country in minutes, and the
recipient can decide whether to keep the value in USD1 stablecoins, convert it into local currency through
an exchange, or spend it directly with merchants that accept BNB Chain payments.
</p>
<p>
For merchants, accepting USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain can reduce chargeback risk and card processing
costs, since transactions are settled onchain and cannot easily be reversed. However, merchants have to
think carefully about volatility risks if they convert USD1 stablecoins into other crypto assets, as well
as regulatory obligations in their jurisdiction. In some places, accepting stablecoins for goods and
services may trigger registration requirements, money transmitter rules, or tax reporting duties similar to
those that apply when accepting foreign currency.
</p>
<p>
There is also a growing interest in using USD1 stablecoins and BNB Chain for humanitarian payments and
aid. Program operators explore sending assistance directly to recipients’ wallets, bypassing slow or costly
intermediaries. Empirical work by international organizations suggests that while stablecoins can make
cross border transfers faster and cheaper, they may also complicate the enforcement of anti money
laundering rules and sanctions if not properly supervised.<sup>[7]</sup> This tension between efficiency
and oversight is central to policy debates.
</p>
</section>
<section id="defi-on-bnb">
<h2>Decentralized finance with USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain</h2>
<p>
Decentralized finance, often shortened to DeFi, is the label for financial services built with smart
contracts instead of traditional intermediaries. On BNB Chain, DeFi includes trading platforms, lending and
borrowing protocols, derivatives markets, and structured products that all rely heavily on USD1 stablecoins
as collateral, trading currency, or settlement asset. Because the tokens carry dollar linked value, users
can measure gains and losses more easily than if everything were denominated in volatile assets.
</p>
<h3>Trading and liquidity</h3>
<p>
Many decentralized exchanges on BNB Chain use an automated market maker model, where liquidity pools hold
two or more tokens and prices are set by formulas rather than order books. USD1 stablecoins often form one
side of these pools, paired with BNB or other assets. Users can trade against the pool, paying a small fee
that is distributed to liquidity providers. For traders, holding some USD1 stablecoins provides a way to
step out of volatility quickly without leaving the blockchain.
</p>
<p>
Providing liquidity is not free of risk. When one asset in a pool moves in price relative to USD1
stablecoins, the pool’s balances shift, and liquidity providers can experience impermanent loss (a
situation where their share of the pool is worth less than simply holding tokens outside the pool, due to
price movements). They also face smart contract and governance risks. Careful users pay attention to
audits, code reviews, and the track record of a protocol’s community before placing large amounts of USD1
stablecoins into any pool.
</p>
<h3>Lending and borrowing</h3>
<p>
Lending protocols on BNB Chain allow users to supply USD1 stablecoins and earn variable interest rates
determined by supply and demand, while borrowers post collateral to take out loans in USD1 stablecoins or
other assets. In practice, these systems function somewhat like overcollateralized margin lending. They can
be useful for traders who need short term liquidity or who want to avoid selling long term holdings that
would create a tax event.
</p>
<p>
The main risk in these systems is liquidation. If the value of a borrower’s collateral falls relative to
their debt, the protocol can automatically sell collateral to make lenders whole. Users must therefore
monitor collateral ratios and consider the volatility of both the collateral asset and USD1 stablecoins in
stressed conditions. Historical episodes show that even stablecoins can temporarily trade away from their
one to one target when markets are under severe strain.<sup>[3]</sup>
</p>
<h3>Yield and rewards</h3>
<p>
Some protocols offer additional token rewards for users who stake or lock USD1 stablecoins, often as a way
to bootstrap liquidity or align incentives. While headline yields can look attractive, especially in
promotional phases, users need to ask where returns are coming from. If rewards are paid in a volatile
governance token with no clear revenue sharing, the real economic yield may be much lower than the stated
rate once price changes are considered.
</p>
<p>
Sustainable uses of USD1 stablecoins in DeFi are more likely to be tied to real economic activity, such as
market making fees, financing for trading strategies, or credit extended to businesses with verifiable cash
flow. Regulators and international standard setters have warned that stablecoin related activities should
not create hidden leverage or maturity mismatches that could spill over into the broader financial
system.<sup>[8]</sup>
</p>
</section>
<section id="risk-management">
<h2>Risks and how to think about them</h2>
<p>
Using USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain combines risks from several layers: the issuer and its reserves, the
blockchain, the smart contracts that manage specific applications, and the broader policy environment.
Central banks and international bodies stress that widespread use of stablecoins can bring both efficiency
gains and significant financial stability concerns if not properly overseen.<sup>[3]</sup> A balanced view
starts by recognizing that no digital system is free of failure modes.
</p>
<h3>Issuer and reserve risk</h3>
<p>
At the issuer level, the core question is whether there are enough high quality liquid assets to meet
redemption demands, and whether those assets can be converted into dollars quickly in stress scenarios.
Research from academic and policy circles notes that the one to one promise of stablecoins depends on both
solvency (having enough assets) and liquidity (being able to convert them promptly into cash).<sup>[8]</sup>
If many holders of USD1 stablecoins seek redemption at once and reserves are tied up in instruments that
cannot be sold without large discounts, the issuer may be forced to halt redemptions or pass losses to
token holders.
</p>
<p>
There is also operational risk. Issuers must manage banking relationships, custodians, technology systems,
and compliance programs. Outages, cyber incidents, or legal disputes can temporarily prevent redemptions
even when reserves are intact. Users who keep meaningful amounts of wealth in USD1 stablecoins should read
disclosure documents, understand where reserves are held, and pay attention to independent assurance
reports where available.
</p>
<h3>Blockchain and smart contract risk</h3>
<p>
At the blockchain level, BNB Chain has validators who produce blocks and confirm transactions. If
validators misbehave or the consensus mechanism experiences a bug, the network could halt or reorganize.
While such events are rare, they can disrupt payment flows that rely on USD1 stablecoins. Users should
consider whether they can tolerate temporary outages in the systems they depend on for critical payments.
</p>
<p>
Smart contracts introduce their own category of risk. Programming errors, unexpected interactions between
contracts, or governance failures can lead to loss of funds locked in DeFi protocols. Because USD1
stablecoins often serve as the most desirable assets in a protocol, they are a prime target for attackers.
Security practices such as code audits, formal verification, and bug bounty programs reduce but do not
eliminate these risks.
</p>
<h3>Market, liquidity, and peg stability risk</h3>
<p>
Even when reserves are strong and technology is sound, market conditions can stress USD1 stablecoins. In
secondary markets, tokens may trade at a small premium or discount to one dollar depending on demand, the
ease of redemption, and friction in moving funds across borders. Reports from the Bank for International
Settlements highlight that stablecoins have sometimes traded away from their target value during stress, in
part because arbitrage channels are not as smooth as those in traditional money markets.<sup>[3]</sup>
</p>
<p>
Liquidity can also dry up in specific trading pairs on BNB Chain if large holders withdraw funds or if
market makers step back. In that case, converting a large amount of USD1 stablecoins into other assets or
into fiat currency might require accepting a worse price than expected. Users who plan to move large sums
should check depth on exchanges and consider splitting transfers into smaller parts.
</p>
<h3>Policy, regulation, and reporting</h3>
<p>
Policy makers around the world are developing frameworks for stablecoins. Surveys of central banks show
that most jurisdictions are either implementing or working on specific rules for stablecoins and other
crypto assets.<sup>[7]</sup> In the European Union, MiCA introduces detailed requirements for asset
referenced tokens and electronic money tokens, including authorization, white papers, reserve management,
and supervision by national authorities.<sup>[4]</sup> Other regions are exploring licensing models that
integrate stablecoin issuers into the existing banking or payments regulatory perimeter.
</p>
<p>
For individual users and businesses on BNB Chain, this means that obligations can differ sharply by
country. Some places treat stablecoin transactions similarly to foreign currency transactions, with clear
guidance on reporting and taxation. Others are still drafting rules or applying older laws to new
technologies. Anyone considering significant use of USD1 stablecoins for business, savings, or investment
should seek professional advice on legal and tax consequences in their home jurisdiction.
</p>
</section>
<section id="geo-and-tax">
<h2>Geography, regulation, and taxes around the world</h2>
<p>
The appeal of USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain can look very different from one country to another. In
economies with stable local currencies and efficient payment systems, users may see USD1 stablecoins mainly
as a convenient tool for trading or for occasional cross border transactions. In economies with high
inflation or capital controls, dollar linked tokens can become a widespread store of value and medium of
exchange, even when formal rules lag behind practice.<sup>[5]</sup>
</p>
<p>
International organizations have warned that heavy use of dollar denominated stablecoins can contribute to
a form of digital dollarization, where residents transact in dollar linked tokens alongside or instead of
local currency.<sup>[5]</sup> This can weaken the effectiveness of domestic monetary policy and tax
collection if authorities lose visibility into flows. At the same time, businesses and households often
adopt USD1 stablecoins precisely because they provide more predictable value than local money in times of
stress.
</p>
<p>
Tax treatment is another key dimension. In some countries, each disposal of a crypto asset, including USD1
stablecoins, can trigger a taxable event if there is a gain relative to the acquisition cost expressed in
the local currency. In others, regulators may treat properly regulated stablecoins more like cash
equivalents, with simpler reporting. Because BNB Chain transactions are visible on a public ledger, users
should assume that tax authorities may eventually gain better tools for analyzing onchain data and
reconciling it with offchain information.
</p>
</section>
<section id="future-of-usd1-bnb">
<h2>The future of USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain</h2>
<p>
Looking ahead, most research expects the role of stablecoins to grow, though there is wide uncertainty over
how much and how fast.<sup>[7]</sup> Some scenarios involve stablecoins becoming a mainstream rail for
retail and wholesale payments, possibly connecting closely with tokenized bank deposits and central bank
digital currencies. Other scenarios emphasize stricter regulation that narrows their use to specific
niches, such as trading and cross border wholesale settlement.
</p>
<p>
For BNB Chain, future growth of USD1 stablecoins will likely depend on a few factors. One is continuing to
provide reliable, low cost block space so that users and developers feel confident building long term
products and relationships on the network. Another is interoperability, since users increasingly expect to
move the same USD1 stablecoins across multiple chains without friction. A third is regulatory clarity,
which can encourage more established financial institutions and enterprises to experiment with stablecoin
based workflows on BNB Chain once they understand the rules.
</p>
<p>
There is also ongoing work on making stablecoin systems more resilient. Policy papers from bodies such as
the Financial Stability Board and the Bank for International Settlements suggest stronger standards for
reserve composition, redemption arrangements, and transparency, so that stablecoins behave more like safe
money and less like uninsured investment funds.<sup>[8]</sup> If these recommendations are implemented,
users of USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain may gain more confidence that the tokens they rely on for payments
and savings will retain their value even under stress.
</p>
</section>
<section id="conclusion">
<h2>Final thoughts for visitors of USD1bnb.com</h2>
<p>
USD1bnb.com is part of a broader educational effort around USD1 stablecoins. On BNB Chain, these dollar
linked tokens play a central role in trading, lending, payments, and remittances. They combine familiar
dollar value with the speed and programmability of blockchain based systems. Used thoughtfully, they can
lower frictions for individuals and businesses who need to move money across borders or interact with
decentralized applications.
</p>
<p>
At the same time, USD1 stablecoins are not risk free. They depend on issuers who must manage reserves and
operations carefully, on blockchains that must remain secure and available, and on smart contracts that
must be designed and governed responsibly. Global regulators and policy makers are working to ensure that
stablecoins enhance rather than undermine financial stability, consumer protection, and fair competition in
payments.<sup>[3]</sup>
</p>
<p>
For readers exploring USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain, the most important steps are to stay informed, use
reputable wallets and platforms, and consider how stablecoin use fits into their broader financial life and
regulatory context. With a clear view of both benefits and risks, people and businesses can decide when and
how USD1 stablecoins on BNB Chain make sense for their own goals.
</p>
</section>
<section id="references">
<h2>References</h2>
<ol>
<li>
BNB Chain, “What are BEP20 Wallets?”, March 20 2024, BNB Chain Blog, describing BNB Smart Chain
throughput and average transaction fees of a few cents.
[https://www.bnbchain.org/en/blog/what-are-bep20-wallets](https://www.bnbchain.org/en/blog/what-are-bep20-wallets)
</li>
<li>
Circle, “What is USDC?”, developer documentation explaining that USDC is backed by cash and cash
equivalents and redeemable one to one for U.S. dollars, with regular reserve attestations.
[https://www.usdc.com/learn/what-is-usdc](https://www.usdc.com/learn/what-is-usdc)
</li>
<li>
Bank for International Settlements, “The next generation monetary and financial system”, Annual Economic
Report 2025, chapter discussing stablecoins as gateways into the crypto ecosystem and noting run and
peg stability risks.
[https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2025e3.htm](https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2025e3.htm)
</li>
<li>
European Banking Authority, “Asset referenced and e money tokens (MiCA)”, overview of authorization,
reserve, and disclosure rules for stablecoin like tokens under the Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation.
[https://www.eba.europa.eu/regulation-and-policy/asset-referenced-and-e-money-tokens-mica](https://www.eba.europa.eu/regulation-and-policy/asset-referenced-and-e-money-tokens-mica)
</li>
<li>
International Monetary Fund, “How stablecoins and other financial innovations may reshape the global
economy”, blog post dated September 4 2025, outlining cross border payment benefits and macroeconomic
risks of wide stablecoin adoption.
[https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2025/09/04/how-stablecoins-and-other-financial-innovations-may-reshape-the-global-economy](https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2025/09/04/how-stablecoins-and-other-financial-innovations-may-reshape-the-global-economy)
</li>
<li>
Bank for International Settlements, “Stablecoin growth policy challenges and approaches”, BIS Bulletin
108, 2025, discussing regulatory recommendations and financial stability considerations for global
stablecoin arrangements.
[https://www.bis.org/publ/bisbull108.pdf](https://www.bis.org/publ/bisbull108.pdf)
</li>
<li>
Bank for International Settlements, “Results of the 2023 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies
and crypto”, 2024, noting that most jurisdictions are working on frameworks to regulate stablecoins and
that real world payments use is still limited.
[https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap147.htm](https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap147.htm)
</li>
<li>
Matt Higginson and Garry Spanz, “The stable door opens: How tokenized cash enables next gen payments”,
McKinsey and Company, July 21 2025, describing how stablecoins are transforming global payments and
challenging incumbents.
[https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/the-stable-door-opens-how-tokenized-cash-enables-next-gen-payments](https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/the-stable-door-opens-how-tokenized-cash-enables-next-gen-payments)
</li>
</ol>
</section>
</main>